As a preliminary remark, it should be acknowledged that while the effects of armed conflict are not always discernible and quantifiable in women, they remain present and multi-dimensional to such an extent that it would be extremely ambitious for any legal or normative framework to pretend to tackle them holistically. This negative experience becomes very precarious for these women in situations where they are highly affected from the abuse and traumas emanating from the outcome of war especially those countries plague by the disaster of armed conflict. Of course, where commanders have effective control over troops, even if they did not order their combatants to rape, they are legally responsible if they knew or should have known of its occurrence.Women as a minority group are understandably and predictably strongly affected by armed conflict. Groups that forcibly abduct new members often forge social cohesion through participation in gang rape. Widespread rape that is not ordered but is tolerated by commanders is best understood as a “ practice.” Such commanders tolerate rape by their combatants because prohibition would mean disciplining otherwise-capable troops, as well as expending scarce resources on an issue that the commander does not see as serious, withholding what combatants see as “booty” of war - or because they themselves engage in rape. To be sure, commanders ordered their combatants to rape civilians in some well-documented cases common forms of strategic rape include cases of rape carried out during some (but not all) campaigns of ethnic cleansing and rape as sexual torture of prisoners. The members of some armed groups engage in high levels of rape even though they were not ordered (even implicitly) to do so.
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